Genetic Mutation - 1402 Words

In biology, term- mutation has been described as changes to the base pair sequence of the genetic material of an organism. Mutations can be caused by: copying errors in the genetic material during cell division, by exposure to ultraviolet or ionizing radiation, chemical mutagens, or viruses, or can occur deliberately under cellular control during processes such as hypermutation. In multicellular organisms, mutations can be subdivided into germ line mutations, which can be passed on to descendants, and somatic mutations, which cannot be transmitted to descendants in animals. Plants sometimes can transmit somatic mutations to their descendants asexually or sexually (in case when flower buds develop in somatically mutated part of plant). A†¦show more content†¦Instead there is an abnormal type of hemoglobin S that is inherited as an autosomal inherited trait. This disease produces chronic anemia, which may become life threatening when hemolytic crises (the breakdown of redblood cells) or aplastic crises (bone marrow fails to produce blood cells) occur. The incidence of this disorder is 1/400 African Americans and 8/100,000 people. The manifestations of this disease are a result of the fragility and inflexibility of the sickle red bloodcells. When exposed to a lack of water, infection, and low oxygen supply, these delicate red blood cells take the shape of a crescent. This then causes blood cell devastation and thickening of the blood. Sickle cell anemia has the potential to be life threatening and can affect other body systems and parts of the body. Those included are the nervous system, bones, the kidneys and the liver. Maternal PKU is a genetic disorder that stems from point mutation. 1/15,000 people fall victim to this disorder. Phenylketonuria (PKU) has been shown as a cause of retardation in infant fetuses. Children in the fetus begin with a normal amount of phenylalanine hydroxylase but are affected by the mothers elevated phenylalanine level due to the imbalance of prenatal amino acid. Mental deficiency is clearly evident in disorder and usually consists of I.Q.s of 50.Show MoreRelatedGenetic Mutation And Genetic Mutations1079 Words   |  5 PagesA genetic mutation occurs after the formation of the DNA sequence has been altered (Reference, 2016). Some mutations are easily noticed; others are well hidden. Depending on which mutation the individual has depends on how severe or obvious the mutation is. There are several different mutations an individual can have, and some individuals may have more than one. Although mutations can be harmless, they can still be a hindrance to the individual who has it. Different mutations are caused by differentRead MoreGenetic Factors Of Gene Mutation1801 Words   |  8 PagesGene mutation is an official change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. Mutations are affected by the change in the DNA sequence. (U.S NLM, Para I) There can be many different types of mutations. Some examples are point mutations, missense mutation, nonsense mutation, frame shift mutation, silent mutation, deletion, insertion, and duplication. These mutations can either occur naturally or actually made to happen. Mutations can have a huge impact that can be beneficial or unhelpful. (MutationsRead MoreGenetic Mutation Of A Single Nucleotide Base809 Words   |  4 PagesSCD is genetic mutation that is caused by a genetic point mutation where a single nucleotide base has been substituted by an incorrect base (also termed transversion). The transversion caused by the SCD will alter the codon, at the 17th nucleotide of the beta chain of hemoglobin molecule it would be incorrect; thus, when the mRNA carries the gene which codes for Hb molecule, at the 17th nucleotide the ribosome will start synthesizing a different amino acid. At the site of the Hb molecule its adenosineRead MoreGenetic Mutations And The Human Genome1198 Words   |  5 PagesDid you know that there are hundreds of cool genetic mutations that you may not know about? Genetic mutations are permanent alterations of the nucleotide sequence of the genome (an organism s complete set of DNA) of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements. Genetic mutations can be good, there are all sorts of genetic mutations that can be good, it is as simple as the color of your eye or as complex as having a sprinting â€Å"superpower†. This also includes having the abilityRead MoreEssay on Gender and Genetic Mutations964 Words   |  4 Pages The study of genetics includes not only the study of normal DNA, but also of the mutations within a DNA. A mutation is a slightly distorted gene. These mutations can have an effect on a person, both physically and mentally. Although genetics may seem to be just about the genes, scientists are beginning to see a connection between gender and genetic mutations. Meet Henry, a man with dark hair, and Katie, a woman with gapped teeth. The couple has a child and from their physicalRead MoreGenetic Mutation And Its Effects1521 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic Mutation in C. elegans and its Affect INTRODUCTION Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) are transparent roundworm, that range about 1mm in length and lack a respiratory and circulatory system. C. elegans is a model organism in genetics, its short life cycle, ease of cultivation, small size, and high cell number and development makes it an easy animal to use in experiments (International Journal of Molecular Science). In this experiment, two strains of worms will be used. Virgin hermaphroditeRead MoreThe Genetic Mutation Fragile X Syndrome Essay960 Words   |  4 PagesThe genetic mutation Fragile X syndrome occurs on a segment of human DNA. Because the disease was first studied in 1943 by British physician James Purdon Martin and British human geneticist named Julia Bell, Fragile X is also referred to as Martin-Bell syndrome. Though it was not until 1969 that scientist Herbert Lubs discovered what exactly causes Fragile X syndrome. He explained that those who obtain the mutation will possess an X chromosome with an unusual gap. T he gap located on the chromosomeRead MoreThe Genetic Mutation Fragile X Syndrome Essay922 Words   |  4 PagesThe genetic mutation Fragile X syndrome is the most commonly inherited form of intellectual disability. Because the disease was first studied in 1943 by British physician James Purdon Martin and British human geneticist named Julia Bell, Fragile X is also referred to as Martin-Bell syndrome. Though it was not until 1969 that scientist Herbert Lubs discovered what exactly causes Fragile X syndrome. He explained that those who obtain the mutation will possess an X chromosome with an unusual gapRead MoreINTRODUCTION: My project question is: has human development disabled the power of genetic mutations2800 Words   |  12 PagesINTRODUCTION: My project question is: has human development disabled the power of genetic mutations and natural selection or enhanced it? My aim is to understand the importance of natural selection and the impact that human development has had on it. According to The Concise Oxford Dictionary(p 334), human development is defined as the process of enlarging people’s freedom and opportunities and overall well being through various resources. I will research the effect that the progression of humansRead MoreThe, Genetic And Epigenetic Mutations1064 Words   |  5 PagesCancer, one of the most common diseases in the world, is a result of genetic and epigenetic mutations. Where genetics was at first used to explain phenotypes and disease, genetics alone could not explain the sheer amount of phenotypic diversity in a population—nor could it explain phenomenon such as how, â€Å"monozygotic twins or cloned animals [could] have different phenotypes and different susceptibilities to a disea se.† Thus entered the field of epigenetics. Epigenetics is, â€Å"the study of heritable